MODALS
MODALS
Modal Auxiliaries are auxiliary verbs that function to help verbs and are usually used in the form of conversation.
Characteristic Modals:
The shape never changes. We
cannot add "s", "ed", or "ing". Always followed
by the verb without "to" (bare infinitife).
FUNCTION
Used to express certainty,
possibility, willingness, obligation, will, and ability.
+ Structure of the
affirmative sentences ( Positive sentence )
Subject + modal auxiliary
+ verb1
Eg :
•
• Michelle can speak Italian well
•
• I must talk to him right now
•
• I should go now
-Structure of the negative
sentences
Subject + modal + not +
verb1
Eg:
•
• Michelle can not speak Italian well
? Structure of the
interrogative sentences ( questions )
Modal Auxiliary + Subject
+ Verb1
Eg :
•
• Can Michelle speak Italian well?
•
• Yes, she can speak Italian well
•
• No, she can’t
•
• No, she can’t speak Italian well
Instead of Can, we can
use be able to.
Contoh: I am able to swim well.
Bobby is able to play chess
•
A. CAN, to state:
•
a. kemampuan (ability).
Eg:
My youngest sister can sing a
classic song beautifully.
Jennifer Capriati can play
tennis wonderfully.
My parents can speak Dutch
fluently.
He will be able to study
medicine next year.
( to be able to = can in future
)
•
b. Minta izin atau permohonan ( permission and request )
Eg:
can you fetch me this evening?
( request )
Can I go home now? ( permission
)
•
B. COULD is the past form of CAN and shows a more polite attitude than
CAN.
•
a. Kecakapan diwaktu lampau (a past ability)
Example:
When Rudi Hartono was still
young, he could become the champion of All-England badminton match seven times
continuously.
Many years ago i could ride
a motorcycle well.
•
b. Minta izin atau permohonan (permission or request)
Example:
Could I pass you? (permission),
artinya Dapatkah saya mendahului Anda?
Could you help me? (request),
artinya Dapatkah Anda membantu saya?
•
C. MAY is used to complete:
•
a. Kemungkinan (probability/possible future action)
Contoh:
1.
They may be In Singapore. ( it is possible that they will be in Singapore ).
2.
I may come late tonight.
b. Menyatakan kemungkinan
bercampur dengan ragu-ragu atau untuk memberi izin (to express a possible mixed
with doubt).
Contoh:
1.
I may pass this test.
2.
Your mother may allow you to come home a little late.
c. Minta izin (permission) ini
menunjukkan llebih sopan daripada Can ataua Could.
Contoh:
1.
May I swim with my friends?
2. “Daddy, may I study computer
engineering in USA?
“ yes you may study computer
engineering there.”
•
d. Untuk mengungkapkan kemungkinan atau harapanj yang berarti “semoga”
( A wish or hape )
Contoh:
1. May God bless you. (semoga
Tuhan memberkati Anda)
D. MIGHT is the past form of
MAY.
a. Declare a smaller possibility
than May.
Example:
1. I might come to her birthday
party next Sunday.
2. She might get married on May
next year.
b. Expressing possibilities in the
form of direct sentences and indirect sentences.
Example:
1. I thought that he might love
that girl.
2. You said that you might go
to Europe soon.
c. Might = ask permission
(permission) is more formal and more polite than may, can, could.
Contoh:
1. Might I be excused early?
(Bolehkah saya meminta izin pulang lebih awal).
E. WILL be used to declare.
a. Willingness will be done in
the present or future.
Example:
1. I will be there next week.
2. I will cook some cookies for
my family this afternoon.
b. Requests
Example:
1. Will you join us on our trip
to Australia?
2. Will you open the door,
please?
F. WOULD is the past form of
WILL
•
a. Dalam bentuk lampau (the past tense)
Example:
1.
He said that he would sleep.
2.
They would study inTexas University, Amerika.
b. Permohonan yang lebih sopan
(more polite request).
Example:
1.
Would you be kind enough to do this for me?
2.
Would you turn off the television, please?
c. “would Like” yang like to
eat.
Example:
1.
What would you like to eat?
2. I would like to eat
friend-rice.
Note:
In general, modals in past form
have this form:
Modal + have + past
participle
Example:
You should see a doctor
(present)
You should have seen a doctor (past)
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